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| 1939 September 3 |
| | | Britain and France, receiving no answer from Hitler to their ultimatum over his attack on Poland, declare war on Germany | |
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| 1939 |
| | | The new German technique of blitzkrieg ('lightning war') is demonstrated with devastating effect against Poland | |
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| 1939 September 17 |
| | | A Russian army invades Poland from the east, fulfilling the secret protocol of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact | |
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| 1939 September 27 |
| | | Warsaw falls, after a brave resistance, whereupon Germany and Russia carve up Poland | |
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| 1939 September |
| | | Nazi murder squads (Einsatzgruppen) kill Poland's elite | |
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| 1940 from April 4 |
| | | More than 4000 Polish officers are massacred at Katyń on Stalin's orders | |
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| 1919 June 22 |
| | | German armies cross the border to invade Russia on a front from the Baltic to southern Poland | |
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| 1941 December 7 |
| | | In three adapted vans at Chelmno, in western Poland, the Germans begin using poison gas to kill Jews | |
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| 1942 March |
| | | The Nazis build a new style of concentration camp, at Auschwitz in Poland, in which the fit will work and the unfit will be killed | |
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| 1942 from March |
| | | German industrial enterprises are moved from the vulnerable Ruhr valley to the slave labour facilities of Auschwitz | |
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